The operating system and command processor remember both a current or default drive for your system as a whole, and a current or default directory for every drive in your system. The current directory on the current drive is sometimes called the current working directory. With traditional command processors, you change the current drive by typing the new drive letter plus a colon at the prompt, and you change the current working directory with the CD command. CMD.EXE supports those standard features, and offer a number of enhancements to make directory navigation much simpler and faster.

The *CMD.EXE* directory navigation features are in three groups: features which help the command processor find the directory you want, methods for initiating a directory change with a minimal amount of typing, and methods for returning easily to directories you've recently used. Each group is summarized below.

Traditional command processors require you to explicitly type the name of the directory you want to change to. CMD.EXE support this method, and also offer two significant enhancements:

• Extended Directory Searches allow the command processor to search a “database” of all the directories on your system to find the one you want.
• The CDPATH allows you to enter a specific list of directories to be searched, rather than searching a database. Use CDPATH instead of Extended Directory Searches if you find the extended searches too broad, or your hard drive has too many directories for an efficient search.

CMD.EXE supports the traditional methods of changing directories, and also offers several more flexible approaches:

• Automatic directory changes allow you to type a directory name at the prompt and switch to it automatically, without typing an explicit CD or similar command.
• The CD command can change directories on a single drive, and can return to the most recently used directory.
• The CDD command changes drive and directory at the same time, and can return to the most recently used drive and directory.
• The PUSHD command changes changes the drive and directory like CDD, and records the previous directory in a directory “stack.”

You can view the stack with DIRS and return to the directory on the top of the stack with POPD.

CDD, PUSHD, and automatic directory changes can also change to a network drive and directory mapped to a drive letter or specified with a UNC name (see File Systems for more information about network directories).

Traditional command processors do not remember previously-used directories, and can only “return” to a directory by changing back to it with a standard drive change or CD command. CMD.EXE supports three additional methods for returning to a previous directory:

• The CD - and CDD - commands can be used to return to the previous working directory (the one you used immediately before the current directory). Use these commands if you are working in two directories and lternating between them.
• The directory history window allows you to select one of several recently-used directories from a popup list and return to it immediately. The window displays the contents of the directory history list.
• The POPD command will return to the last directory saved by PUSHD. The directory stack holds 511 characters, enough for 20 to 40 typical drive and directory entries.